Disease Directory Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Immune

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Also known as: CHS, CHS1/LYST mutation, oculocutaneous albinism with immunodeficiency

Prevalence

Fewer than 500 cases reported worldwide

Onset

Early childhood

Type

Primary immunodeficiency with lysosomal trafficking defect

Gene

LYST

About Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the LYST gene, resulting in defective intracellular vesicle trafficking that impairs lysosomal function across multiple cell types, most critically in cytotoxic lymphocytes and neutrophils. The syndrome is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent pyogenic infections, progressive neurological deterioration, and a nearly universal risk of developing an accelerated phase resembling hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can stabilize the immunological and hematological manifestations but does not prevent or reverse neurological progression.

Common Clinical Features

Partial oculocutaneous albinism (silver-gray hair, pale skin) Photophobia and nystagmus Recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections Giant peroxidase-positive granules in leukocytes Progressive peripheral neuropathy Accelerated phase hemophagocytosis (fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias) Increased bleeding tendency from platelet dysfunction

Clinical Trial Eligibility Tips

What to know before applying to Chediak-Higashi Syndrome trials.

Accelerated phase status is a medical emergency and typically triggers urgent transplant referral rather than trial enrollment; confirm current disease phase with treating hematologist

Neurological assessment including nerve conduction studies should be documented, as neurological endpoint measures are increasingly used in natural history studies

LYST mutation confirmation by molecular testing is required for most trials; prenatal or neonatal genetic reports should be located and shared

Patient Resources

Patient Organization

Histiocyte Society

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Orphanet

European reference resource for rare diseases (ORPHA:167)

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NORD

National Organization for Rare Disorders

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Find recruiting Chediak-Higashi Syndrome trials

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